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Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward over another, which can lead to pain and other symptoms. Trauma or injury is one of the key causes of this condition. Such incidents can include severe injuries from accidents, sports, or falls, which may disrupt the structural stability of the vertebrae and surrounding support systems. When a fracture occurs in the pars interarticularis of a vertebra, it can result in slippage and subsequent spondylolisthesis.

While genetic predisposition can increase the likelihood of developing conditions affecting the spine, trauma or injury is a more direct and immediate cause of this specific condition. Inflammation of muscles and infection of the spine are also possible issues related to spinal health but do not specifically lead to the vertebral displacement characteristic of spondylolisthesis. Understanding the mechanics involved in injuries helps clarify why trauma is a significant risk factor for this condition.